Quick Facts
Type:
Oncological disease
Status:
Some types curable, others manageable
Prevalence:
1 in 3 people will develop cancer
Risk Factors:
Varies by cancer type
About This Condition
Cancer refers to a collection of related diseases where some of the body's cells begin to divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues. While some cancers are curable when detected early, others remain incurable but may be managed as chronic conditions. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body.
Possible Causes & Risk Factors
- Genetic mutations (inherited or acquired)
- Tobacco use
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Obesity and poor diet
- Physical inactivity
- Certain infections (HPV, H. pylori, etc.)
- Environmental exposures (radiation, chemicals)
Symptoms
Symptoms vary widely depending on cancer type and stage, but may include:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent fatigue
- Pain that doesn't go away
- Skin changes (yellowing, darkening, redness)
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- Thickening or lump in any part of the body
- Persistent cough or trouble breathing
Prevention & Early Detection
Medical Approaches
- Regular cancer screenings (mammograms, colonoscopies)
- Vaccinations (HPV, Hepatitis B)
- Chemoprevention for high-risk individuals
- Genetic testing and counseling
- Sun protection and UV avoidance
Lifestyle Approaches
- Maintain healthy weight
- Regular physical activity
- Healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables
- Limit processed and red meats
- Avoid tobacco in all forms
- Limit alcohol consumption
Treatment & Management
Cancer treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. While some cancers are curable, others can be managed as chronic conditions with ongoing treatment.
Medical Treatments
- Surgery to remove cancerous tissue
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Hormone therapy
- Stem cell transplant
Supportive Care
- Pain management
- Nutritional support
- Physical therapy
- Counseling and support groups
- Palliative care
- Complementary therapies (acupuncture, massage)
Potential Complications
Depending on type and stage, cancer can lead to:
- Metastasis (spread to other organs)
- Pain from tumor growth or treatment
- Fatigue and weakness
- Immune system suppression
- Organ failure in advanced stages
- Treatment side effects (nausea, hair loss)
- Emotional and psychological distress